When You Cannot Use a Pretest, What Would Be the Appropriate

question 18

Multiple Choice

When you cannot use a pretest, what would be the appropriate design to use?

• A) nonequivalent control group design
• B) static group comparison
• C) single-subject design
• D) ABAB design

---

Definitions:

Ecological Management

The practice of managing and conserving the natural environment and resources to sustain ecological balance and health.

Stream of Decisions

A continuous and evolving process of making choices among various options, often observed in the context of managerial and strategic business activities.

Substitute Products

Goods or services that can serve as replacements for each other, satisfying the same customer need or demand.