Which of the Following Threats to External Validity Occur If

question 18

Multiple Choice

Which of the following threats to external validity occur if the researcher interacts differently with different subjects?

• A) reactive arrangements
• B) multiple treatment interference
• C) experimenter effects
• D) pretest sensitization

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Definitions:

Value Of T

A calculated statistic used in t-tests that measures the size of the difference relative to the variation in the sample data, commonly used to test hypotheses about means.

Confidence Estimate

An interval estimate calculated to indicate the reliability of an estimated range in which a population parameter lies.

Observations

Data points or values that have been collected or measured in a study or experiment.

Value Of T

The value of t, often found in t-tests, quantifies the difference between an observed sample mean and its hypothesized population mean value, measured in terms of standard errors.