Does Taking Vitamins Prevent Colon Cancer? a Study Assigned 864

question 19

Multiple Choice

Does taking vitamins prevent colon cancer? A study assigned 864 subjects at random to four groups. One group took beta-carotene, another took vitamins C and E, a third took all three, and the fourth group took only a dummy pill. After four years, there was no difference among the groups in the formation of polyps in the colon that precede cancer.
Does the new study (properly designed) give good reason to think that vitamins prevent colon cancer?

• A) Yes, randomized comparative experiments give good evidence for causation
• B) No, there was no significant difference among the groups.
• C) Yes, a study incorporating a placebo gives good evidence for causation.
• D) No, this is an observational study.

Understand the factors contributing to federal deficits and their implications on U.S. GDP.

Comprehend the concepts of crowding in and crowding out in the context of fiscal policy and private investment.

Recognize the effect of fiscal policies on national saving, interest rates, and investment.

Analyze the impact of automatic stabilizers on budget deficits.

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Definitions:

Democrat Candidate

An individual running for a political position who is a member of the Democratic Party, one of the two major political parties in the United States.

Confidence Interval Estimate

Confidence Interval Estimate is an estimation method that calculates a range of possible values for an unknown population parameter, based on sample data and a specified confidence level.

Population Proportions

It denotes the fraction or percentage of a population having a particular property or attribute.

Sample Proportions

Measures that represent the fraction of the sample that exhibits a particular attribute or characteristic.