Which of These Would Be an Example of Simpson's Paradox

question 45

Multiple Choice

Which of these would be an example of Simpson's paradox?

• A) Teachers' salaries and sales of alcoholic beverages have risen together over time, but paying teachers more does not cause higher alcohol sales.
• B) Chicago Cubs have a higher winning percentage than the St. Louis Cardinals versus every N. L. Central team, but St. Louis has a higher winning percentage when we combine all N. L. Central teams.
• C) The percent of surgery patients who are given Anesthetic A and who die is higher than the percent for Anesthetic B, but this is because Anesthetic A is used in more serious surgeries.
• D) States in which a smaller percent of students take the SAT exam have higher median scores on the SAT.

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Definitions:

Organize Stimuli

The process of perceiving and categorizing sensory input from the environment into meaningful patterns or categories.

Figure-Ground

A principle in perceptual organization where an object (the figure) is perceived distinctly from its surroundings (the ground).

Perception

The method through which people comprehend and arrange sensory data to create a significant perception of the environment.

Retinal Disparity

The slight difference in the two visual images that each eye perceives due to their different angles, crucial for depth perception.