If Surgical Procedure a Has a Higher Success Rate Than

question 22

Multiple Choice

If surgical procedure A has a higher success rate than surgical procedure B in every hospital where they are used and yet procedure B has a higher overall success rate, then we suspect that

• A) Statement I: this is nonsense and it can't possibly be true.
• B) Statement II: this is an example of Simpson's paradox.
• C) Statement III: it must be easier to achieve success at some hospitals than at others, whatever procedure is used.
• D) Statement IV: procedure B must be used predominantly in hospitals where it is easier to achieve success, while procedure A must be used predominantly where it is harder to achieve success.
• E) Statments II, III, and IV are true.

---

Definitions:

Altruism

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another, putting oneself in another's shoes emotionally.

Self-Actualizing Person

An individual who has realized and fulfilled their potential, achieving self-fulfillment.

Unconditional Positive Regard

An attitude of acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does, especially used in client-centered therapy.