A Medical Researcher Is Working on a New Treatment for a Certain

question 2

Multiple Choice

A medical researcher is working on a new treatment for a certain type of cancer. The average survival time after diagnosis on the standard treatment is two years. In an early trial, she tries the new treatment on three subjects who have an average survival time after diagnosis of four years. Although the survival time has doubled, the results are not statistically significant even at the 0.10 significance level. The most likely explanation is

• A) the placebo effect is present, which limits statistical significance.
• B) the sample size is small.
• C) that although the survival time has doubled, in reality the actual increase is really two years.
• D) the calculation was in error. The researchers forgot to include the sample size.

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Definitions:

Altruistic Behavior

Actions taken to benefit others without expectation of reward or recognition, often at a cost to oneself.

Superordinate Goals

Superordinate goals are overarching objectives that can only be achieved by the cooperation of two or more individuals or groups, helping to reduce conflict by aligning interests.

Interracial Cooperative

Activities or initiatives that involve collaboration between people of different racial backgrounds, aimed at enhancing mutual understanding and social cohesion.

Ingroup/Outgroup Conflict

Refers to the tension and conflict that arises between groups (ingroups, or groups we belong to, and outgroups, or those we do not belong to) based on identification and loyalty.