A Study Found Correlation R = 0

question 6

Multiple Choice

A study found correlation r = 0.43 between high school math grades (on a 0 to 100 scale) and income 10 years after high school. This means that

• A) people with high math grades tend to have higher income than people with low math grades.
• B) people with low math grades tend to have higher income than people with high math grades.
• C) there is almost no association between math grades and income.
• D) a mistake has been made because a correlation cannot be 0.43.
• E) a mistake has been made because a correlation between math grades and income makes no sense.

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Definitions:

Marginal Probability

The probability of an event occurring, taking into account all possible related events.

P(A And B)

The joint probability of two events occurring simultaneously, within a specified context.

Probability Notation

The standard symbols and formulations used to represent probabilities in mathematical expressions.

Conditional Probability

The chance of a specific event occurring, conditional on the occurrence of another event beforehand.