Instruction 13-3
an Economist Is Interested to See How Consumption

question 27

Multiple Choice

Instruction 13-3
An economist is interested to see how consumption for an economy (in $ billions) is influenced by gross domestic product ($ billions) and aggregate price (consumer price index) .The Microsoft Excel output of this regression is partially reproduced below.
SUMMARY
Regression Statistics
$\begin{array} { l l } \text { Multiple R } & 0.991 \\ \text { R Square } & 0.982 \\ \text { Adj. R Square } & 0.976 \\ \text { Std. Error } & 0.299 \\ \text { Observations } & 10 \end{array}$
ANOVA
$\begin{array} { l l l l l l } & \boldsymbol { d f } & \text { SS } & \text { MS } & \boldsymbol { F } & \text { Signiff } \\ \text { Regression } & 2 & 33.4163 & 16.7082 & 186.325 & 0.0001 \\ \text { Residual } & 7 & 0.6277 & 0.0897 & & \\ \text { Total } & 9 & 34.0440 & & & \\ & & & & & \\ & \text { Coeff } & \text { StaError } & \boldsymbol { t } \text { Stat } & \boldsymbol { P } \text {-Value } & \\ \text { Intercept } & - 1.6335 & 0.5674 & - 0.152 & 0.8837 & \\ \text { GDP } & 0.7654 & 0.0574 & 13.340 & 0.0001 & \\ \text { Price } & - 0.0006 & 0.0028 & - 0.219 & 0.8330 & \end{array}$ Note: Adj.R Square = Adjusted R Square;Std.Error = Standard Error
-Referring to Instruction 13-3,to test whether aggregate price index has a negative impact on consumption,the p-value is

• A)0.4165.
• B)0.0001.
• C)0.8837.
• D)0.8330.

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcer

A stimulus that is inherently rewarding and satisfies a biological need, leading to an increase in the behavior that preceded it.

Conditioned Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.

Operant Behavior

Behavior that is controlled by its consequences, including rewards and punishments, in the context of learning.

Conditioned Reinforcer

A stimulus that acquires the ability to reinforce behavior through its link to a primary reinforcer.