Instruction 12-9
It Is Believed That,the Average Numbers of Hours

question 194

Multiple Choice

Instruction 12-9
It is believed that,the average numbers of hours spent studying per day (HOURS) during undergraduate education should have a positive linear relationship with the starting salary (SALARY,measured in thousands of dollars per month) after graduation.Given below is the Microsoft Excel output for predicting starting salary (Y) using number of hours spent studying per day (X) for a sample of 51 students.NOTE: Only partial output is shown.
$\begin{array}{|l|r|}\hline {\text { Regression Statistics }} \\\hline \text { Multiple R } & 0.8857 \\\hline \text { R Square } & 0.7845 \\\hline \text { Adjusted R Square } & 0.7801 \\\hline \text { Standard Error } & 1.3704 \\\hline \text { Observations } & 51 \\\hline\end{array}$
ANOVA
$\begin{array}{|l|r|r|r|r|r} & d f & \text { SS } & {M S} & F & \text { Significance } F \\\hline \text { Regression } & 1 & 335.0472 & 335.0473 & 178.3859 & \\\hline \text { Residual } & & & 1.8782 & & \\\hline \text { Total } & 50 & 427.0798 & & &\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{l|r|r|r|r|r|r} & \text { Coefficients } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Standard } \\\text { Error }\end{array} & \text { t Stat } & \text { P-value } & \text { Lower 95\% } & \text { Upper 95\% } \\\hline \text { Intercept } & -1.8940 & 0.4018 & -4.7134 & 2.051 \mathrm{E}-05 & -2.7015 & -1.0865 \\\hline \text { Hours } & 0.9795 & 0.0733 & 13.3561 & 5.944 \mathrm{E}-18 & 0.8321 & 1.1269\end{array}$ Note: 2.051E-05 = 2.051 * 10^-0.5 and 5.944E-18 = 5.944 * 10^-18.
-Referring to Instruction 12-9,the degrees of freedom for the F test on whether HOURS affects SALARY are

• A)49,1.
• B)1,50.
• C)50,1.
• D)1,49.

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Definitions:

Expectancy Theory of Motivation

A psychological theory suggesting that people are motivated to engage in behaviors based on the expected outcomes and the value of those outcomes to them.

Administering an Unpleasant Outcome

The process of executing or delivering a negative or unfavorable result or decision.

Punish

The act of imposing a penalty or consequence on someone for their behavior or actions, often as a method of enforcing rules or discipline.

OB Mod

A management approach focusing on changing employees' behaviors through a system of rewards and punishments known as organizational behavior modification.