This Is the First Exam You Have Ever Taken in Professor

question 174

Multiple Choice

This is the first exam you have ever taken in Professor Smith's class.You know nothing about her tests,and she has never done anything harmful to you or anyone else.Nonetheless,you are anxious about the test.Your anxiety in this situation is an example of:

• A)generalization.
• B)discrimination.
• C)backward conditioning.
• D)none of the above.

---

Definitions:

Exchange

The act of giving one thing and receiving another in return, often used in the context of trading goods, services, or currencies.

Production-oriented Era

Refers to a period in business history where the focus was primarily on production efficiency, manufacturing, and product capabilities rather than the needs or desires of customers.

Sales-oriented Era

A period in business history when the main focus of companies was increasing sales, often without regard to customer needs or satisfaction.

Market-oriented Era

The Market-oriented Era is a phase in marketing history characterized by a focus on meeting customers' needs and desires, understanding market demand, and creating value through marketing activities.