Reference - Banking Problems

question 10

Multiple Choice

Reference - Banking Problems. Constance and Blair are both loan officers at ABC Bank. Constance, being somewhat dishonest, tells Henry, a customer of the bank who is wealthy and rarely checks the status of outstanding loans and balances, that she is collecting money for a local animal shelter. She asks him to sign a pledge that he will contribute $50 to the animal shelter. In fact, she had him sign a promissory note made out to her for $5,000, which she later endorsed to Richard. Henry proceeds back to one of his businesses, a used car dealership. Taylor comes in to purchase a used car. He and Henry agree that Taylor will purchase a used car for $3,000. Martha also comes in, and she and Henry agree that she will purchase a used car for $4,000. Both Taylor and Martha make out promissory notes payable to Henry. At the end of the day, Henry is looking through the notes and decides that Taylor's was mistakenly made out for $3,000. Henry mistakenly, but honestly, believed that the deal was for $3,500. Therefore, he changes the note to reflect that Taylor owed $3,500. Henry, on the other hand, simply did not like Martha. He decided that $4,000 was not enough for the car. Accordingly, he changed the note to $4,500. Which of the following is true regarding Martha's liability to Henry?

• A) Because of the fraudulent alteration, Martha is not liable to Henry for any amounts under the promissory note although she may be liable under some other theory.
• B) Martha's obligation will be enforced only in the amount of $4,000.
• C) Martha's obligation will be enforced in the amount of $4,500 unless she has a writing signed by Henry to the effect that the deal was for 4,000. No other evidence would be allowed.
• D) Unless Martha has a written document from Henry to the effect that the agreement was for $4,000 only, Martha and Henry will be legally required to split the remainder with Martha being held responsible for $4,250.
• E) Unless Martha either has a written document from Henry showing that the agreement was for $4,000 or unless she can get Henry to admit that the agreement was for $4,000, then Martha will be required to pay $4,500 because the obligation was upon Martha to obtain confirmation of the terms of the original agreement.

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Definitions:

Sunk Cost

An expense that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered, which should theoretically not influence any future financial decisions or strategies.

Expensed

The act of charging costs to expense accounts, recognizing them in the income statement in the period they were incurred.

Operation

In a business context, operation refers to the day-to-day activities necessary for running a company, which can include production, distribution, and the provision of services.

CCA Deductions

Refers to Capital Cost Allowance deductions in taxation, allowing businesses to claim depreciation on tangible capital assets.