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When a market is in equilibrium and there is no outside intervention to change the equilibrium price:
Materials Price Variance
The difference between the actual cost of materials used in production and the budgeted cost of materials, based on standard prices and actual quantities purchased.
Variable Manufacturing
Costs in manufacturing that vary directly with the level of production, such as raw materials and direct labor costs.
Variable Overhead Rate
The rate at which variable overhead costs are allocated to each unit of production, based on a certain activity level.
Direct Labor-Hours
Comprehensive work time recorded by employees who are directly engaged in producing goods.
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