Sigmund Freud Claimed That Conditioning Was an Unconscious Inner Thing,but

question 4

Multiple Choice

Sigmund Freud claimed that conditioning was an unconscious inner thing,but Ivan Pavlov argued that it was

• A)based on controllable external conditions.
• B)a mentalistic and subjective reality.
• C)not inner but external spirituality.
• D)the conscious results of childhood training.

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Definitions:

Chi-square Statistic

A measure used in statistics to assess the differences between observed and expected outcomes in categorical datasets.

Subsequent Arrests

Arrests that occur after the initial arrest, indicating instances of repeat or additional offenses by an individual.

Re-arrest Rates

The frequency at which individuals who have been previously arrested are arrested again within a specific time frame.

Null Hypothesis

A statement in statistics that suggests there is no significant effect or difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error.