How Might Presidents Use Their Powers of Persuasion in the Legislative

question 23

Multiple Choice

How might presidents use their powers of persuasion in the legislative process?

• A)in leading public opinion to support their policy agendas
• B)through the impoundment of funds to prevent the implementation of specific laws
• C)in leading public opinion to support signing statements on key pieces of legislation
• D)in selecting majority and minority leaders in Congress
• E)through direct lobbying of regulatory bureaucrats on the implementation of policy details

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Definitions:

Higher-order Conditioning

A complex form of classical conditioning where a stimulus previously paired with a primary unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus for further training.

Extinction

In psychology, the process through which a conditioned response decreases or disappears after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Higher-order Conditioning

A learning process in which a stimulus that was previously neutral is paired with a conditioned stimulus to produce the same conditioned response as the original conditioned stimulus.

Neutral Stimulus

A stimulus that initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention, until it is associated with an unconditioned stimulus.