A Test of Abstract Reasoning Is Given to a Random

question 24

Essay

A test of abstract reasoning is given to a random sample of students before and after they completed a formal logic course.The results are given below.Do the data suggest that the scores after the course differ from the scores before the course? Perform a Wilcoxon signed rank test at the 10% significance level. $$\begin{array} { l | l l l l l l l l l l } \text { Before } & 74 & 83 & 75 & 88 & 84 & 63 & 93 & 84 & 91 & 77 \\\hline \text { After } & 73 & 77 & 70 & 77 & 74 & 67 & 95 & 83 & 84 & 75\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Standard Deviation

A measure of the dispersion or variability of a set of numbers, indicating how spread out the numbers are from their average value.

Units

Basic quantities used to specify measurements in various dimensions, such as length, mass, or time.

Standard Deviations

A metric that calculates the extent of spread or variability of data points from the average value.

Bell Shaped Distribution

A probability distribution that is symmetric and unimodal, with the shape of a bell, often associated with the normal distribution.