When Testing for a Difference Between the Means of a Treated

question 14

Essay

When testing for a difference between the means of a treated population and an untreated population,the computer display below is obtained.Explain what the P-Value of 0.0316 means in this context. $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } \hline & \text { t-Test: Two Sample for Means } & & \\\hline 1 & & \text { Variable 1 } & \text { Variable 2 } \\\hline 2 & \text { Mean } & 171.6392 & 168.7718 \\\hline 3 & \text { Known Variance } & 47.51672 & 41.08293 \\\hline 4 & \text { Observations } & 50 & 50 \\\hline 5 & \text { Hypothesized Mean Difference } & 0 & \\\hline 6 & \text { t } & 2.154057 & \\\hline 7 & \text { P(T>=t) one-tail } & 0.0158 & \\\hline 8 & \text { TCritical one-tail } & 1.644853 & \\\hline 9 & \text { P(T>=t) two-tail } & 0.0316 & \\\hline 10 & \text { tCritical two-tail } & 1.959961 & \\\hline\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Output

The cumulative output of goods and services from a company or an economic system.

Average Total Cost

The total cost of production divided by the total number of units produced, representing the per unit cost of production.

Average Variable Cost

The cost of labor, materials, and other inputs that change with the level of output, averaged over the quantity produced.

Output

The total amount of goods and services produced by an economic entity in a specific period.