When Testing for a Difference Between the Means of a Treated

question 14

Essay

When testing for a difference between the means of a treated population and an untreated population,the computer display below is obtained.Explain what the P-Value of 0.0316 means in this context. $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } \hline & \text { t-Test: Two Sample for Means } & & \\\hline 1 & & \text { Variable 1 } & \text { Variable 2 } \\\hline 2 & \text { Mean } & 171.6392 & 168.7718 \\\hline 3 & \text { Known Variance } & 47.51672 & 41.08293 \\\hline 4 & \text { Observations } & 50 & 50 \\\hline 5 & \text { Hypothesized Mean Difference } & 0 & \\\hline 6 & \text { t } & 2.154057 & \\\hline 7 & \text { P(T>=t) one-tail } & 0.0158 & \\\hline 8 & \text { TCritical one-tail } & 1.644853 & \\\hline 9 & \text { P(T>=t) two-tail } & 0.0316 & \\\hline 10 & \text { tCritical two-tail } & 1.959961 & \\\hline\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Hardwired

Referring to inherent features or configurations within a system, device, or organism that are permanently established and not subject to change through external adjustments.

Heuristics

These are rules-of-thumb or shortcuts that simplify decision making and problem-solving, especially in complex situations.

Specialty Shops

Retail businesses that focus on specific product categories, offering specialized selections within those categories.

Framing Effects

Psychological phenomena where the way information is presented affects decision-making or judgment.