A University Studied Students' Grades and Established a Strong Positive

question 27

Multiple Choice

A university studied students' grades and established a strong positive association between the high school average of incoming students and their university GPA.Describe three different possible cause-and-effect relationships that might be present.

• A)Perhaps higher high school averages cause higher university GPAs,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the students' IQ.
• B)There is only one cause-and-effect relationship: higher university GPAs cause higher high school averages.
• C)There is only one cause-and-effect relationship: higher high school averages cause higher university GPAs.
• D)There are only two cause-and-effect relationships: higher high school averages cause higher university GPAs,or higher university GPAs cause higher high school averages.
• E)Perhaps higher high school averages cause higher university GPAs,higher university GPAs cause higher high school averages,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the students' high school.

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