Refer to the Scenario Given to Answer the Following Questions

question 79

Multiple Choice

Refer to the scenario given to answer the following questions.
A-Z Goal Setting and Planning (Scenario)
Organizations ABC and XYZ are both in the same industry and vie for the same set of customers in the marketplace. At ABC, goals are set at the top level of management each year and then broken into subgoals for each organizational level. Similarly, plans are developed at the top level and then reformulated and delegated to managers at the middle and lower levels. At XYZ, goals are developed at the top level, and then those managers meet with their subordinates at the next lower level to establish mutually agreeable goals. The middle managers then meet with the first-level managers to establish mutually agreeable goals. Finally, the first-level managers meet with each of their employees and establish mutually agreeable goals. Annual plans are then developed by organization members at all levels to meet their specific needs.
-Assuming that XYZ's hierarchy of goals is clearly defined, the resulting integrated network of goals could also be called a __________ chain.

• A) hierarchical-link
• B) means-end
• C) management by objectives
• D) top-to-bottom
• E) management

---

Definitions:

Public Goods Dilemma

A type of social dilemma in which individuals incur the cost to contribute to a collective resource, though they may never benefit from that resource.

National Public Radio

A nonprofit media organization that serves as a national syndicator to a network of public radio stations in the United States, offering news, cultural programs, and educational content.

Social Dilemmas

Situations in which individual decisions based on self-interest lead to outcomes that are bad for the whole group.

Postmodern Dilemmas

Complex, intricate problems or challenges that arise in postmodern society, often involving issues of identity, reality, and information saturation.