Combined One Byte at a Time with the Plaintext Stream

question 11

Multiple Choice

Combined one byte at a time with the plaintext stream using the XOR operation, a __________ is the output of the pseudorandom bit generator.

• A) keystream
• B) digital signature
• C) secure hash
• D) message authentication code

Understand and calculate the target profit in pricing decisions.

Understand cost-plus pricing strategies and how markup percentages are calculated from total variable costs and full costs.

Gain knowledge on the relationship between production costs, mark-up percentages, and final product pricing.

Understand the technique of time and material pricing for services.

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Definitions:

Dividend

A portion of a company's earnings that is paid to shareholders, usually on a quarterly basis, as determined by the company's board of directors.

Jensen's Measure

A performance evaluation method that calculates the excess return a fund generates over its expected return, given its level of risk as measured by beta.

Market Portfolio

A market portfolio is a theoretical bundle of all investable assets in the market, with each asset weighted according to its market capitalization, representing the entire market or a significant segment of it.

Risk-Free Return

The theoretical return attributed to an investment with zero risk, often represented by the yield on government securities.