Which of the Following Items Is a Management Concept That

question 201

Multiple Choice

Which of the following items is a management concept that was not created to improve companies' performances?

• A) Just-in-time manufacturing.
• B) Customer orientation.
• C) Total quality management.
• D) Continuous improvement.
• E) Theory of Constraints.

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Definitions:

Efficiency Wage Theory

Suggests employers pay a higher wage than the market equilibrium to increase worker productivity and loyalty.

Worker Productivity

A measure of output per labor hour.

Fairness

The quality of being just, equitable, and impartial; often a subjective measure in economic and social contexts.

True Probability

The actual likelihood of an event occurring, often contrasted with estimated probabilities derived from models or assumptions.