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Scientists have direct evidence of Earthʹs internal structure down to upper mantle.
Expected Return
The anticipated amount of profit or loss an investor can foresee from an investment, based on historical data or estimated calculations.
Required Return
The minimum expected return by investors for investing in a particular asset, taking into account the risk level of the investment.
Standard Deviation
A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values, widely used in finance to assess the risk of a financial instrument.
Probability Distribution
An analytical function detailing each potential outcome and its probability for a random variable within a set interval.
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