What Are General Circulation Models (GCMs)of the Atmosphere

question 33

Multiple Choice

What are general circulation models (GCMs) of the atmosphere?

• A)These are pre-computer based models that estimated atmospheric and oceanic circulation and are now being used to study climate change.
• B)These are highly simplistic models that use one or two variables to test the veracity of climate proxies,such as ice core and ocean sediment core samples.
• C)These are based on statistical three-dimensional grids that characterize portions of the atmosphere and ocean in terms of climate-related variables.
• D)These are used to calculate the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on data from weather stations located around the globe.

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Definitions:

Neutral Stimulus

is a stimulus that initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention, and then becomes associated with a particular outcome through conditioning.

Classical Conditioning

A learning method where two stimuli are frequently combined; a reaction that at the beginning is evoked by the second stimulus, is later evoked by the first stimulus on its own.

Electric Shock

An abrupt discharge of electricity through a part of the body, causing injury or neurological disturbance.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.