Under NCLB, Each State Was Permitted to Set Its Own

question 28

Multiple Choice

Under NCLB, each state was permitted to set its own proficiency benchmarks to be determined by standardized tests. According to the 2007 report "The Proficiency Illusion," improvements in the passing rates on states can be largely explained by

• A) improved teaching at schools in danger of failing.
• B) setting a lower bar on the 8th grade test.
• C) true growth in student learning.
• D) declines in the difficulty of those tests.

---

Definitions:

Vicarious Conditioning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior and outcomes of others, rather than through direct experience.

Observational Learning

A learning process through which behaviors are acquired by watching and imitating the actions of others.

Peripheral-Route

A method of persuasion that relies on cues outside of the message content itself, like the attractiveness or credibility of the source.

Central-Route

A method of persuasion that involves deeply processing the content of the message, considering logical and factual arguments.