Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 44

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
-Process in which many African and Asian states won their independence from Western colonial rule, in most cases by negotiated settlement with gradual political reforms and a program of investment rather than through military confrontation.

• A)decolonization
• B)Indian National Congress
• C)Mahatma Gandhi
• D)satyagraha
• E)Muslim League
• F)Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• G)Abdul Ghaffar Khan
• H)African National Congress
• I)Nelson Mandela
• J)Black Consciousness
• K)Sowet
• L)military government
• M)Mozambique's civil war
• N)globalization of democracy
• O)import substitution industrialization
• P)export-led industrialization
• Q)Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
• R)Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

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Definitions:

O,p-director

A term describing substituents on an aromatic ring that direct incoming substituents to the ortho and para positions in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Strongest Activating Group

A substituent that increases the reactivity of an aromatic ring toward electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions the most.

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

A reaction where an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom in an aromatic ring, a common mechanism in aromatic chemistry.

Sigma Complex

An intermediate in certain chemical reactions characterized by a fully saturated carbon atom bonded to a metal center.