How Did Science in the Nineteenth Century Both Reflect the Influence

question 6

Essay

How did science in the nineteenth century both reflect the influence of the Enlightenment and undermine its basic assumptions?

---

Definitions:

Specialized Appeals

Advertising or communication strategies designed to target a particular segment of the population based on specific interests, demographics, or needs.

Astroturf Lobbying

A form of advocacy in which sponsors manipulate the appearance of grassroots support for their cause, hiding the true origins and funders of the campaign.

Deception

The act of misleading or deceiving someone, often to gain an advantage.

Outsider Strategy

A political strategy by which individuals or groups outside of the mainstream or institutional political power seek to gain influence or effect change through unconventional methods, often leveraging public opinion or grassroots support.