Between the Ages of 5 and 12, Children Strive to Develop

question 28

Multiple Choice

Between the ages of 5 and 12, children strive to develop a sense of competence arising from their work and effort. Erikson refers to this stage of life as ________.

• A) trust versus mistrust
• B) autonomy versus shame and doubt
• C) initiative versus guilt
• D) industry versus inferiority

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Definitions:

Behavioral

Pertaining to or involving actions and responses observable in living organisms, particularly in humans and animals.

Strongest Possible Manipulations

In experimental design, the most intense level of manipulation applied to an independent variable to maximize the detection of an effect.

Ceiling Effects

occur when an assessment instrument reaches its upper limit, leading to a clustering of scores at the high end and failing to distinguish between high-performing individuals.

Floor Effects

A limitation in research where a lower boundary prevents the measurement of lower performance, often resulting in skewed distributions where many scores pile up at the low end.