When Photographs of Facial Expressions Conveying Different Emotions Were Shown

question 93

Multiple Choice

When photographs of facial expressions conveying different emotions were shown to subjects in different countries,the subjects:

• A)tended to agree on the emotional meaning of the different expressions.
• B)rarely agreed on the emotional meaning of the different expressions.
• C)agreed only on expressions of anger and fear.
• D)none of the above

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcer

An innate reinforcing stimulus like nourishment or shelter, which does not require learning to be effective in enhancing behavior.

Conditioning

A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to associate a desired behavior with a previously unrelated stimulus.

Negative Contrast Effects

A psychological phenomenon where an individual's perception of an option is negatively influenced by a comparison with a better option.

Reinforcement

A process in operant conditioning that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, which can be either positive (by adding a stimulus) or negative (by removing a stimulus).