Following Diagnostic Tests of the Gastrointestinal (GI) System, a Patient

question 22

Multiple Choice

Following diagnostic tests of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, a patient with chronic constipation asks the nurse, "What is peristalsis, and why it is important?" The nurse explains:

• A) "Peristalsis works against gravity to swiftly propel food through the GI tract to decrease problems with constipation."
• B) "Peristalsis releases enzymes that break food down and aids in the propulsion of food through the GI tract. These enzymes work hard to prevent constipation."
• C) "Peristalsis is the contraction of circular and longitudinal muscles that propels food through the GI tract. If peristalsis slows, it can cause problems with constipation."
• D) "Peristalsis is stimulated by a food bolus, which results in the contraction of the pyloric sphincter to help keep food down. If unable to keep food down, constipation can be the result."

Understand Horney’s contribution to psychoanalytic therapy and her disagreement with Freud’s therapeutic approach.

Analyze the effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapy through specific case examples.

Grasp Horney’s challenge to Freud’s views on gender envy and her contributions to feminist psychology.

Understand the physical characteristics and care requirements of different types of ostomies and urinary diversions.

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Definitions:

Arousal Level

Refers to the physiological and psychological state of being awoken or stimulated, which can affect cognitive processes and emotional responses.

Infant Relationships

The early connections and bonds formed between infants and their caregivers, critical for emotional and social development.

Adult Attachment Style

Patterns of expectation, needs, and behavior towards close relationships, formed in early childhood and continuing into adulthood.