The Notion That Learning a Conditioned Emotional Response to a Tone

question 40

Multiple Choice

The notion that learning a conditioned emotional response to a tone involves long-term potentiation is supported by studies in which

• A) activation of NMDA receptors impairs CER learning.
• B) electrical stimulation of neurons that project to the amygdala produces less overall neural firing in the amygdala.
• C) CER learning is blocked when a drug prevents the insertion of AMPA receptors into dendritic spines.
• D) cells of the amygdala do not show evidence of long-term potentiation.
• E) few NMDA receptors are found in the amygdala.

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Definitions:

Bending Vibrations

Oscillations of atoms in a molecule about their equilibrium positions that change the angle between them without altering the molecule's bond lengths.

Spectrum

A range of values or conditions, often specifically pertaining to the distribution of energy emitted or absorbed by a substance, visible in bands of colors or intensities.

IR Spectroscopy

A technique used in analytical chemistry to identify molecular structure through the absorption of infrared radiation by molecules, leading to vibrational and rotational changes.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons towards itself in a molecule.