When Communication Occurs from the Upper Levels of an Organization

question 12

Multiple Choice

When communication occurs from the upper levels of an organization to the lower levels of the organization, it is termed as _____ communication.

• A) diagonal
• B) parallel
• C) upward
• D) downward
• E) horizontal

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Definitions:

Empirical

Based on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic, often involving data collection and experimentation.

Income Tax

A tax that governments impose on income generated by businesses and individuals within their jurisdiction.

Testability

The characteristic of a hypothesis or theory that allows it to be tested through empirical observation and experimentation to determine its validity.

Comparative Inference

The process of reaching conclusions about the relationships between different sets of data or phenomena based on comparisons.