The Figure Shows Four Gaussian Surfaces Surrounding a Distribtuion of Charges

question 28

Short Answer

The figure shows four Gaussian surfaces surrounding a distribtuion of charges. (a) Which Gaussian surfaces have an electric flux of +q/ε0 through them?
(b) Which Gaussian surfaces have no electric flux through them?

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Definitions:

Staged

Organized and planned in a way that is intended to occur or appear in a specific manner, often used in contexts such as performance or experiment setup.

Insufficient Strength

A lack of adequate power or capability to produce a desired effect or outcome.

Staged Manipulation

A research method where conditions are deliberately created or modified by the researcher to observe their effect on behavior.

Straightforward Manipulations

Direct, clear changes made to the independent variable without the use of deception or complicated procedures.