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When a certain metal is illuminated by light, photoelectrons are observed provided that the wavelength of the light is less than 669 nm. Which one of the following values is closest to the work function of this metal? (h = 6.626 × 10-34 J ∙ s, c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, 1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J)
Successive Approximations
A method of shaping behavior by rewarding actions that are progressively closer to the desired behavior.
Shaping
The process of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a desired behavior in order to teach a new behavior.
Operant Conditioning
is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior.
Skinner Box
An experimental apparatus developed by B.F. Skinner for studying behavioral conditioning in animals, typically through rewards and punishments.
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