The Most Damaging Type of Earthquake Wave for Buildings and Engineering

question 69

Multiple Choice

The most damaging type of earthquake wave for buildings and engineering structures on top of the ground is a surface wave with horizontal motion back and forth parallel to the passing wave front.Which description fits this type of surface wave?

• A)The little parcel of rock rotates about its own location in an ellipse until the wave passes.
• B)The little parcel of rock shimmies from side to side as the wave passes, with the greatest motion at the Earth's surface, dying out with depth.
• C)The volume of the rock stays fixed, but it shears back and forth, distorting the rock's internal shape as the wave passes through.
• D)The rock moves toward and away from the earthquake as the volume of the material alternately expands and contracts, changing the rock's density while the compression-rarefaction wave passes through.

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Definitions:

Construction Project

A planned undertaking in building, assembling, or creating infrastructure or a facility.

Leader-Sensitive Projects

Projects whose outcomes are significantly influenced by the leadership style and effectiveness of their leaders.

Project Environment

The combination of internal and external factors that can influence the outcome of a project, such as organizational culture, market conditions, and regulations.

Matrix Organization

A company structure where employees report to multiple managers, typically both a functional manager and a project manager.