Some Birds Follow Moving Swarms of Army Ants in the Tropics

question 34

Multiple Choice

Some birds follow moving swarms of army ants in the tropics. As the ants march along the forest floor hunting insects and small vertebrates, birds follow and pick off any insects or small vertebrates that fly or jump out of the way of the ants. What is the result of the association between birds and ants?

• A) Birds benefit from the association but have no impact on the ants.
• B) Birds benefit from the association and harm the ants.
• C) Birds and ants benefit from the association.
• D) Birds do not benefit from the association, but the ants do.
• E) Neither birds nor ants benefit from the association.

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Definitions:

Oedipus Complex

is a psychoanalytic theory by Freud that describes a child's feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent and jealousy and rivalry with the same-sex parent.

Resent Father

Feelings of bitterness or anger directed towards one's father, often due to perceived wrongs or disappointments.

Penis Envy

represents a controversial concept in Freudian psychoanalysis, suggesting that female psychosexual development involves envy of the male penis as a perceived source of power.

Phallic Stage

A stage in Freudian psychosexual development, occurring roughly between the ages of three and six, during which a child's focus of pleasure is on the genital area.