Two Researchers Experimentally Formed Tetraploid Frogs by Fertilizing Diploid Eggs

question 14

Multiple Choice

Two researchers experimentally formed tetraploid frogs by fertilizing diploid eggs from Rana porosa brevipoda with diploid sperm from Rana nigromaculata. When they mated these tetraploid frogs with each other, most of the offspring that survived to maturity were tetraploid, with chromosome sets of both diploid parent species. Based on these results, if this type of tetraploid formed in the wild, what would be the result? (Y. Kondo and A. Kashiwagi. 2004. Experimentally induced autotetraploidy and allotetraploidy in two Japanese pond frogs. Journal of Herpetology 38(3) :381-92.)

• A) The two parent species would interbreed and fuse into one species.
• B) The two parent species would recognize each other as mates.
• C) The tetraploids would be reproductively isolated from both parent species.
• D) The tetraploids would be selected against.

Understand the difference between positive and negative correlations and their real-world implications.

Recognize the limitations of correlational studies in determining causality.

Understand the basics of experimental design and how it differs from correlational studies.

Identify and explain the role of confounding variables in experimental research.

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Definitions:

Variance

The difference between planned or expected performance and actual performance, often analyzed in budgeting and performance management.

Liters

A metric unit of volume equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters, commonly used to measure liquids.

Standard Costs

These are predetermined costs of manufacturing a single unit or a number of units of a product during a specific period, based on expected material, labor, and overhead costs.

Price Variance

A variance that is computed by taking the difference between the actual price and the standard price and multiplying the result by the actual quantity of the input.