In All Three Species of Phalarope, a Taxon of Wading

question 25

Multiple Choice

In all three species of phalarope, a taxon of wading shorebirds, the majority of parental care is provided by the male. Based on the Bateman-Trivers hypothesis of sexual selection, what would you expect to see in phalaropes?

• A) Chick survival is very low.
• B) Females are more brightly colored than males.
• C) Each female mates with a single male.
• D) Males are larger than females.

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Definitions:

Nitrogen Fixation

The process by which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into ammonia by certain bacteria, making nitrogen available to living organisms.

Denitrification

A microbial process occurring mostly in soil and aquatic environments, where nitrate is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen, removing it from the ecosystem.

Hydrologic Cycle

The water cycle, which includes evaporation, precipitation, and flow to the ocean; supplies terrestrial organisms with a continual supply of fresh water.

Nitrification

The conversion of ammonia (NH3) to nitrate (NO3-) by certain bacteria (nitrifying bacteria) in the soil; part of the nitrogen cycle.