Several Students Are Reviewing the Material in the Intelligence Chapter

question 180

Multiple Choice

Several students are reviewing the material in the Intelligence chapter of their psychology text in preparation for an upcoming test. Which student is offering the BEST explanation of the Flynn effect?

• A) Janna: "The effect is rooted in better health care."
• B) Kelly: "The effect stems from improved nutrition over the past few decades."
• C) Lorraine: "The effect results from the increased complexity of most cultures worldwide."
• D) Marcus: "The effect reflects evolution in action."

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Definitions:

Expectancy

The belief or anticipation that one's effort will result in achieving desired performance goals.

Instrumentality

The perceived likelihood that a certain level of performance will lead to achieving a desired outcome or reward.

Valence

the intrinsic attractiveness or aversiveness of an event, object, or situation, often influencing individuals' motivation.

Equity Theory

A theory of motivation that suggests individuals assess their own input-to-outcome ratios in comparison to others as a measure of fairness in relationships or work situations.