From the Time He or She Begins College, It Takes

question 8

Multiple Choice

From the time he or she begins college, it takes the average candidate approximately 10 years to earn a Ph.D., a degree denoting expert knowledge in a specific area. How well does this accord with research on the development of expertise?

• A) Not well-research shows it takes nearly 20 years to become an expert in a given domain.
• B) Not well-5 years is generally sufficient to become an expert in a given field.
• C) Not well-the notion of expertise is hopelessly subjective. One cannot say how long it takes to become an expert.
• D) Quite well-10 years seems to be about how long it takes to become an expert in a given field.

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Definitions:

Chlorine

A highly reactive, greenish-yellow gaseous element used in water purification and the production of numerous chemicals.

Aluminum Chloride

A chemical compound with the formula AlCl3, widely used in the chemical industry as a catalyst and as a component in a variety of chemical reactions.

O,p-director

Substituents in aromatic substitution reactions that direct incoming substituents to the ortho and para positions relative to themselves.

Hydroxyl Group

A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH), found in alcohols and phenols.