Two Groups Hear a List of 20 Unrelated Items at the Same

question 22

Multiple Choice

Two groups hear a list of 20 unrelated items at the same one-item-per-second rate and are then tested for free recall. For group I, the test comes 1 second after hearing the final item in the list. For group II, the test comes 30 seconds after hearing the final item, with the 30 seconds filled with backward counting. Which of the following should we expect?

• A) the same primacy effect for both groups; a greater recency effect for group I
• B) the same primacy effect for both groups; a greater recency effect for group II
• C) the same recency effect for both groups; a greater primacy effect for group I
• D) the same recency effect for both groups; a greater primacy effect for group II

Distinguish between different schedules of reinforcement (fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-interval) and their effects on behavior.

Recognize the applications and effects of positive and negative reinforcements in shaping behavior.

Identify examples of how operant conditioning principles are applied in real-life scenarios.

Analyze the role of immediate and delayed reinforcers in influencing behavior.

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Definitions:

Lunula

The lunula is the crescent-shaped white area at the base of a fingernail or toenail, visible as part of the nail's growth area.

Hair Papilla

A small, cap-shaped cluster of cells located at the base of the hair follicle, playing a crucial role in hair growth.

Capillaries

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body's circulatory system, facilitating the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many other nutrients and waste substances between blood and surrounding tissues.

Hypodermis

The innermost and thickest layer of the skin, which contains fat and connective tissues for insulation and cushioning.