Surprise Appears to Play an Important Role in Classical Conditioning

question 20

Multiple Choice

Surprise appears to play an important role in classical conditioning. In terms of surprise, which of the following is most important if effective conditioning is to occur?

• A) the extent to which the US is surprising
• B) the extent to which the UR is surprising
• C) the extent to which the CR is reflexive
• D) the extent to which the UR provides redundant information

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Definitions:

Hydronephrosis

Swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine, often caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract.

Obstructed Outflow

A blockage that prevents the normal flow of fluids or substances within the body, typically referring to medical conditions affecting organs.

Nephrolithiasis

A medical condition characterized by the formation of kidney stones.

Medulla

The innermost part of an organ or structure, such as the renal medulla in the kidney or the medulla oblongata in the brain.