Congenitally Blind Children Express Emotion with the Same Facial Expressions

question 56

Multiple Choice

Congenitally blind children express emotion with the same facial expressions that their sighted counterparts use. This finding eliminates which of the following processes as a potential means by which emotional expressions might be acquired?

• A) positive reinforcement
• B) observational learning
• C) negative reinforcement
• D) classical conditioning

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Definitions:

Boy Code

A set of societal expectations that pressures boys to conform to traditional masculine norms and behaviors, such as showing toughness and suppressing emotions.

Gender Development

The process by which individuals come to perceive themselves as having a gender and understand their roles in society as influenced by biological, social, and cultural factors.

Androgynous Girl

A female individual exhibiting both traditional masculine and feminine characteristics or a gender expression that does not fit neatly into conventional sex distinctions.

Possible Self

What an individual might become, would like to become, and is afraid of becoming.