In 2012, Texas Ranked ________ When Compared to Other States

question 38

Multiple Choice

In 2012, Texas ranked ________ when compared to other states on the per capital federal dollars flowing into the state.

• A) low
• B) about even
• C) high
• D) first
• E) last

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Definitions:

Experimental Manipulation

Experimental manipulation involves systematically altering variables in a study to determine cause-and-effect relationships between them.

Status Variables

Characteristics of subjects that can affect the outcome of a study and are not manipulated but can be observed and measured.

Causal Inferences

Conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships, often deduced from the manipulation of variables in experimental designs.

Internal Validity

The extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the variables under investigation rather than to other extraneous factors.