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Laboratory situations are problematic for the study of traits because
Animal Trainers
Professionals who use a variety of techniques to teach animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli.
Negative Reinforcement
A reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the removal, delay, or decrease in intensity of an unpleasant stimulus; as a result, the response becomes stronger or more likely to occur.
Primary Reinforcer
A stimulus that is inherently reinforcing, typically satisfying a physiological need; an example is food.
Secondary Reinforcer
A stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through association with other reinforcers.
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