Amanda Noticed That Whenever Other Children Asked a Question in Class

question 63

Multiple Choice

Amanda noticed that whenever other children asked a question in class, their teacher seemed to get mad at them. Amanda decided not to ask her teacher for help, even though she needed it and her teacher had never seemed to be angry with her. Amanda's behaviour was shaped by

• A)positive reinforcement.
• B)negative reinforcement.
• C)observational learning.
• D)self-efficacy.

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Definitions:

Variable Manuf. Overhead

Costs that vary with production volume, such as utilities and materials used in manufacturing.

Materials Quantity Variance

The difference between the actual quantity of materials used in production and the expected quantity, valued at standard cost.

Variable Manufacturing Overhead

Indirect manufacturing costs that vary with the production volume, such as utilities for machinery.

Standard Costs

Pre-determined or estimated costs used for planning and control purposes, often used to measure performance by comparing them with actual costs.