When Formal Operational Thinkers Are Faced with a Problem, Such

question 66

Multiple Choice

When formal operational thinkers are faced with a problem, such as figuring out what combination of clear liquids will produce a blue liquid, they will

• A) haphazardly mix liquids to find the correct combination.
• B) become confused and irritated.
• C) systematically test hypotheses about different combinations of liquids.
• D) concentrate on trying to pour the liquids without spilling them.

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Definitions:

Contingency Approaches

Management theories suggesting that there is no one best way to make decisions; rather, the optimal choice depends on the situation.

Transactional Leadership Approaches

Leadership styles focused on the supervision, organization, and group performance, based on a system of rewards and penalties for achieving specific goals.

Trait Approaches

Trait approaches in psychology propose that individual personalities are composed of broad dispositions, and that these traits influence behavior.

Behavioral Leadership Approaches

Theories focusing on the observable behaviors of leaders and how these behaviors influence their effectiveness in guiding and motivating others.