For the Traits in Which Gender Differences Were Reported in Your

question 78

Multiple Choice

For the traits in which gender differences were reported in your text,

• A) either all boys were higher than all girls on the trait or all girls were higher than all boys on the trait.
• B) average differences between boys and girls were quite large, but the differences at the extremes of the distributions were insignificant.
• C) there was substantial overlap between girls' and boys' abilities.
• D) the average score for boys was the same as the average score for girls.

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Definitions:

Eliminate

To completely remove or get rid of something.

Rosenthal Effect

Also known as the Pygmalion effect, the phenomenon by which higher expectations lead to an increase in performance.

Masked Design

A research strategy where the participants do not know which treatment or control condition they are receiving to prevent bias.

Random Assignment

A method used in research studies to assign participants to different groups in an experiment by chance, minimizing pre-existing differences between those assigned to each group.