Imagine the Following Correlation: the More Overweight the Child, the Slower

question 62

Multiple Choice

Imagine the following correlation: The more overweight the child, the slower his or her running speed. Given only this information, which of the following could be true?

• A) Being overweight causes children to run slower.
• B) Children who are slow runners are at a higher risk of being overweight.
• C) Having respiratory problems such as asthma as a child can cause children to run slower and to become overweight.
• D) Both A and B are possible.
• E) All of the above could explain the correlation - the researcher would need to do more to find out if any are actually true.

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Definitions:

Xylem Arms

Specialized structures in plants that transport water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant; although "arms" is not a standard term in botany, it metaphorically suggests the branching nature of xylem vessels.

Pericycle

A layer of cells found in plant roots, between the endodermis and the phloem, capable of initiating lateral root growth.

Root Hairs

Thin, hair-like extensions from root cells that increase surface area for water and nutrient absorption from the soil.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of cells in plants and animals, serving as a protective barrier against environmental threats.