Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 11

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Some common psychotherapies are psychoanalysis,person-centered therapy,behavioral therapy,and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) .Through techniques such as free-association,analysis of dreams and slips,interpretation,and analysis of resistance,psychoanalysts attempt to bring the unconscious forces responsible for the disorder into the consciousness where it can be effectively resolved.At the core of person-centered therapies is the belief that all individuals have an innate tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions by the therapist.Treatment is usually nondirective,as therapists believe individuals themselves are best qualified to set their own treatment goals.Behavior therapies,on the other hand,can be highly structured and assume that a learning component contributes to many psychological disorders.Principles of classical conditioning,such as extinction,can be used to eliminate unwanted emotional responses to specific objects or situations.Principles of operant conditioning,such as positive reinforcement,can be used to establish more desirable behaviors.Cognitive therapies also are structured and systematically examine and correct the distorted thinking that gives rise to many psychological disorders.Finally,cognitive behaviorial therapy (CBT) is a problem-focused combination of cognitive and behavior therapies that has shown to be effective at treating a wide range of psychological disorders.
-(Scenario I) A woman in therapy for substance abuse disorder for alcohol reveals that she drinks 5 to six 6 a week and consumes over a bottle of wine per drinking day.After establishing that the client was not physically dependent on alcohol and thus in need of immediate medical attention,a person-centered psychologist might:

• A)ask the client to talk about her childhood insecurities.
• B)express concern about her drinking,emphasize that she has taken a courageous first step,and ask her how much of a decrease in alcohol consumption would be right for her.
• C)inquire about the reasons for her drinking and then systematically challenge the validity of those reasons.
• D)require the client give a trusted friend a thousand dollars that she can earn back $20 at a time with random Breathalyzer checks that detect no alcohol.

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Definitions:

Humanistic Approach

A psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual's experience.

Animal Research

Scientific studies conducted on animal subjects to gain insights into biology, behavior, diseases, and the testing of medicines and procedures intended for human use.

Behavioural Approach

A psychological perspective emphasizing observable behaviors and the ways in which they are learned from the environment.

Self-Concept

An individual's awareness and perception of themselves, including their beliefs, feelings, and thoughts about their own identity.