Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 4

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
The following scenario presents fabricated data consistent with the results of the following study:
Gilbertson,M.W. ,Shenton,M.E. ,Ciszewski,A. ,Kasai,K. ,Lasko,N .B. ,Orr,S.P. ,& Pitman,R.K.(2002) .Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma.Nature Neuroscience,5,1242-1247.
Persons who live through a traumatic experience may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .PTSD is characterized by chronic physiological arousal,recurrent unwanted thoughts or images,and avoidance of things that bring the trauma to mind,with symptoms persisting for more than 1 month.Persons with PTSD also are at risk for other psychological disorders,with substance abuse disorder being a common comorbid diagnosis.In the last two decades,a number of studies have demonstrated that persons with PTSD have smaller hippocampi than controls.This may result from the neurotoxic effects of stress hormones examined the hippocampal volume of combat veterans with and without PTSD who each had an identical twin who never served in the military.Fabricated results consistent with this study are shown in Figure 15.1.
Figure 15.1
-(Scenario I) The results of the study by Gilbertson and colleagues (2002) are MOST consistent with which model of mental disorders?

• A)medical
• B)diathesis-stress
• C)biopsychosocial
• D)psychodynamic

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Definitions:

WAIS

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, a commonly used test designed to measure human intelligence through various cognitive tasks.

David Wechsler

A psychologist known for developing influential intelligence scales, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).

Mental Age

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.

Binet and Simon

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, psychologists who developed the first practical intelligence test, the Binet-Simon scale, to assess cognitive abilities in children.