Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 8

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Thousands of words exist in our language to describe aspects of personality.In a search for fundamental traits,psychologists have used statistical techniques such as factor analysis to identify the core dimensions underlying the structure of personality.Over the years,different analyses have yielded different results.Cattell (1950) proposed a model of personality based on 16 unique factors.Eysenck (1967) argued that the thousands of specific behavioral tendencies often attributed to personality can be adequately described by just two dimensions.One dimension (extraversion) ranges from introversion (low scores on this dimension) to extraversion (high scores) and the other (neuroticism) ranges from emotionally stable (low scores) to emotionally unstable (high scores) .Today,the most commonly accepted model of personality-the Big Five-posits the existence of five unique dimensions of personality: openness to experience,conscientiousness,extraversion,agreeableness,and neuroticism (McCrae & Costa,1999) .Consistent with Eysenck's model,each dimension reflects a range of behavioral tendencies.For example,agreeableness might range from helpful to uncooperative.Someone low in conscientiousness probably will miss deadlines for work assignments,and persons who never travel from their home towns will score low on openness to experience.Research has shown that these five dimensions of personality appear in all cultures and age groups.
-(Scenario I) Both Cattell's (1950) and Eysenck's (1967) models describe equally well the tremendous variation observed in human personality.Given this,many psychologists prefer Eysenck's model because it is:

• A)more parsimonious.
• B)less dogmatic.
• C)greater in internal validity.
• D)more consistent with a social-cognitive approach.

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Definitions:

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

It's a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.

Aggressive Behaviors

Actions intended to cause harm or force dominance over another, often characterized by physical or verbal hostility.

Attribution

The process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events, often ascribing them to internal or external factors.

Stereotype Threat

The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual's racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural group which can hamper performance.